Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
The concept of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) has provided new insights into the early origins of health and disease from a life course perspective. According to the DOHaD hypothesis non-optimal early life conditions are associated with an increased risk for several non-communicable diseases.
The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study
The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (HBCS) has primarily been focusing on the importance of factors active in early life and their effect on later health in two study cohorts including 20,431 people born 1924-44. Our main study cohort consists of 13345 people born 1934-44 in Helsinki. The cohort is a longitudinal study cohort with data throughout the life span including prenatal life, early childhood and later life. Besides extensive epidemiological data over 2000 subjects have been randomly selected for a clinical part. The subjects have been followed up clinically for over two decades with extensive phenotypic data available including metabolic data, dietary information as well as other lifestyle data. Psychological factors including personality, depression and anxiety has been focused upon. A GWAS has been performed on the HBCS. One primary aim of HBCS is to assess how growth and environmental factors acting during early life are related to health in adult life. Besides taking into account early life factors, socioeconomic and adult lifestyle factors are also considered, as well as genetic factors. In other words, health and disease are focused upon from a life course perspective. Our particular focus has been to study the early life origins of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, cognitive function, psychological and behavioral outcomes as well as aging-related processes. As the study cohort is aging our more recent focus has been on healthy aging and healthy longevity from a life course perspective.
To summarise, we have shown that early growth patterns are associated with several health outcomes including coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes as well as mental health outcomes. The long-term health impact of maternal adiposity during pregnancy has also been studied. We have been assessing potential underlying factors explaining the described associations and these include genetic and epigenetic factors. Several non-communicable diseases have their origins in early life therefore optimizing the health of women of reproductive age will have positive consequences for their offspring. One overview of findings in HBCS over the past 20 years has been published in Annals of Medicine 2016 Sep;48(6):456-467. There are over 200 peer-reviewed scientific publications based on findings from HBCS and the study is still ongoing. Our findings have attracted great global interest from agencies including WHO and NIH and been including in several recommendations.
The LoWe spring study
Our focus in the LoWe spring study (Long-term consequences of gestational glucose intolerance on Women’s and offspring’s health) is to study the associations between gestational glucose intolerance and women’s and their offspring’s later health.
The more specific aims of this study are to investigate 1) if there are differences between women with and without gestational diabetes in pre-gestational health and health later on in life, 2) what is the importance of fasting and post challenge glucose concentrations during a standard oral glucose tolerance test on prediction of type 2 diabetes, and 3) are there differences between the offspring of women with and without gestational diabetes in relation to birth complications or later health.
The study cohort consists of all women from the city of Vantaa, Finland, who delivered between 1-January-2009 and 31-December-2015 and the offspring of these pregnancies. In total, there are over 30 000 study participants. The long-term follow-up will end 31-December-2031 when the youngest offspring turn 16 years of age.
DeMoD
Maternal type 1 diabetes (T1D) increases the risk for pregnancy and birth complications and offspring risk for adverse health outcomes. In pregnancies complicated with T1D, high erythropoietin concentrations in amniotic fluid and fetal plasma reflecting fetal oxygen deficiency may explain adverse health outcomes among the offspring. In 2017, we initiated the study: Developmental origins of adult health in offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes (DeMoD).
Our aim is to investigate:
1. Whether high erythropoietin concentrations in amniotic fluid and fetal plasma among the offspring of women with T1D are associated with offspring health 18-23 years later. The study cohort consists of the offspring born to women with T1D and with measured erythropoietin concentration (n=273) and their matched controls (n=273). The study subjects will be studied clinically (physical examination, health questionnaires, blood and urinary samples, ECG, pulse wave velocity, measurements of advanced glycation end products, actigraphy, and cognitive tests).
2. Whether there are differences in health outcomes, based on national healthcare registry data, between the offspring of women with T1D (n=1762) compared with matched offspring of women without T1D (n=8810) during a 16-year follow-up.
The HBCS Study
Senior Scientists
Mikaela von Bonsdorff, associate professor, PhD
Hannu Kautiainen, biostatistician
Merja Laine, associate professor, DMSc
Tuija Mikkola, associate professor, administrative leader
Niko Wasenius, associate professor, PhD
Post-Doctoral Scientists
Markus Haapanen, MD, DMSc
Graduate Students
Jannica Selenius, MD
Hanna Paulsen, OD
Jenni Ikonen, MD
Samuli Palmu, MD
Mathias Lundström
Staff
Sigrid Rostén, data manager
Eriksson JG, Forsen T, Tuomilehto J, Winter PD, Osmond C, Barker DJ.
Catch-up growth in childhood and death form coronary heart disease: longitudinal study.
BMJ 1999;318:427-31
Eriksson JG, Forsén T, Tuomilehto J, Osmond C, Barker DJP.
Early growth and coronary heart disease in later life: longitudinal study.
BMJ 2001;322:949-53
Barker DJP, Osmond C, Forsen TJ, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG.
Trajectories of growth among children who later have coronary event.
New Engl J Med 2005; 353: 1802-9
Perälä MM, Moltchanova E, Kaartinen NE, Männistö S, Kajantie E, Osmond C, Barker DJ, Valsta LM, Eriksson JG.
The association between salt intake and adult systolic blood pressure is modified by birth weight.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Feb;93(2):422-6
Eriksson JG, Guzzardi MA, Iozzo P, Kajantie E, Kautiainen H, Salonen MK.
Higher serum phenylalanine concentration is associated with more rapid telomere shortening in men.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Jan;105(1):144-150
Westberg AP, Salonen MK, von Bonsdorff M, Osmond C, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG.
Maternal adiposity in pregnancy and offspring asthma in adulthood.
Eur Respir J. 2018 Aug 30;52(2):1801152
Mikkola TM, von Bonsdorff MB, Salonen MK, Kautiainen H, Ala-Mursula L, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E, Eriksson JG.
Physical heaviness of work and sitting at work as predictors of mortality: a 26-year follow-up of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study.
BMJ Open. 2019 May 16;9(5):e026280
Bjerregaard LG, Wasenius N, Nedelec R, Gjærde LK, Ängquist L, Herzig KH, Jensen GB, Mortensen EL, Osler M, Overvad K, Skaaby T, Tjønneland A, Sørensen TIA, Järvelin MR, Eriksson JG, Sebert S, Baker JL.
Possible Modifiers of the Association Between Change in Weight Status From Child Through Adult Ages and Later Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.
Diabetes Care. 2020 May;43(5):1000-1007
Mikkola TM, Kautiainen H, von Bonsdorff MB, Wasenius NS, Salonen MK, Haapanen MJ, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG.
Healthy ageing from birth to age 84 years in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, Finland: a longitudinal study.
Lancet Healthy Longev. 2023 Sep;4(9):e499-e507. doi: 10.1016/S2666-7568(23)00135-6. PMID: 37659431.
Pantaleão LC, Loche E, Fernandez-Twinn DS, Dearden L, Córdova-Casanova A, Osmond C, Salonen MK, Kajantie E, Niu Y, de Almeida-Faria J, Thackray BD, Mikkola TM, Giussani DA, Murray AJ, Bushell M, Eriksson JG, Ozanne SE.
Programming of cardiac metabolism by miR-15b-5p, a miRNA released in cardiac extracellular vesicles following ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Mol Metab. 2024 Feb;80:101875. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101875. Epub 2024 Jan 11. PMID: 38218535; PMCID: PMC10832484.
Sture Andersson, Finland, Professor
Katri Räikkönen, Finland, Professor
Päivi Korhonen, Finland, Professor
Eero Kajantie, Finland, Professor
Aarno Palotie, Finland, Professor
Jari Lahti, Finland, Professor
Timo Strandberg, Finland, Professor
Pertti Tienari, Finland, Professor
Leif Groop, Finland, Professor
Peter Nilsson, Sweden, Professor
Thorkild Sörensen, Denmark, Professor
Gabriella Conti, UK, Professor
Clive Osmond, UK, Professor
Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, UK, Professor
Cyrus Cooper, UK, Professor
Keith Godfrey, UK, Professor
Tessa Roseboom, the Netherlands, Professor
Vincent Jaddoe, the Netherlands, Professor
Patricia Iozzo, Italy, Professor
Kent Thornburg, USA, Professor
Peter Gluckman, New Zealand, Professor
Mary Wlodeck, Australia, Professor
Michael Meaney, Canada, Professor
Patricia Silveira, Canada, Professor
Samfundet Folkhälsan
Academy of Finland
European Commission
Finska Läkaresällskapet (“Medical Society of Finland”)
Medicinska Understödsföreningen Liv och Hälsa (“Life and Health Medical Fund”)
Gyllenberg Foundation
Juho Vaino Foundation
The Swedish Cultural Foundation in Finland
The LoWe spring study
Johan Eriksson
Merja Laine
Hannu Kautiainen
Mika Gissler
Pirjo Pennanen
Marko Raina
Kristiina Rönö
Iiro Perttilä
Ulla Tuomi
Satu-Maarit Björkstedt
Ilkka Aahos
Kajsa Järvinen
Rönö K, Masalin S, Kautiainen H, Gissler M, Eriksson JG, Laine MK.
The impact of educational attainment on the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus in two successive pregnancies of Finnish primiparous women: a population-based cohort study.
Acta Diabetologica 2020, doi: 10.1007/s00592-020-01517-5
Laine MK, Kautiainen H, Gissler M, Pennanen P, Eriksson JG.
Impact of sunshine on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.
International Journal of Circumpolar Health 2020, doi 10.1080/22423982.2019.1703882
Fältmarch S, Perttilä I, Tuomi U, Kautiainen H, Gissler M, Pennanen P, Eriksson JG, Laine MK.
Use of opioids during pregnancy and effects on pregnancy outcomes.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2019;28:1239-1245
Masalin S, Laine MK, Kautiainen H, Gissler M, Raina M, Pennanen P, Eriksson JG.
Impact of maternal height and gestational diabetes mellitus on offspring birthweight.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019;148:110-118
Masalin S, Rönö K, Kautiainen H, Gissler M, Eriksson JG, Laine MK.
Body surface area at birth and later risk for gestational diabetes mellitus among primiparous women.
Acta Diabetol 2019;56:397-404
Laine MK, Masalin S, Rönö K, Kautiainen H, Gissler M, Pennanen P, Eriksson JG.
Risk of preterm birth in primiparous women with exposure to antidepressant medication before pregnancy and/or during pregnancy – impact of body mass index.
Ann Med 2019;51:51-57
Rönö K, Masalin S, Kautiainen H, Gissler M, Raina M, Eriksson JG, Laine MK.
Impact of maternal income on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in primiparous women.
Diabet Med 2019;36:214-220
Laine MK, Kautiainen H, Gissler M, Raina M, Aahos I, Järvinen K, Eriksson JG.
Short primiparous women are at increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus.
Public Health 2018;156:101-108
Laine MK, Kautiainen H, Gissler M, Raina M, Aahos I, Järvinen K, Pennanen P, Eriksson JG.
Gestational diabetes in primiparous women – impact of age and adiposity: a register-based cohort study.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018;97:187-194
The Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland
Research Foundation for Primary Health Care, Finland
Finska Läkaresällskapet
DeMod
Johan Eriksson
Merja Laine
Miira Klemetti
Hannu Kautiainen
Cedric Korpijaakko
The Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland
Finska Läkaresällskapet